A Glimpse of some Islamic Etiquettes
The Religion of Islam has introduced various man - ners which Muslims are encouraged to abide by in order to form a complete Islamic personality. From them are the following.
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Dining Etiquettes
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One should begin their meal by mentioning the name of Allah by saying: ‘Bismillaah [i.e. I begin with the Name of Allah]
and conclude by praising and thanking Him by saying Al-hamdu lillaah: [i.e. All praise
and thanks are for Allah]. One should eat from the nearest side of the dish to him
and use his right hand, for the left hand is generally used for cleaning unpleasant
things. 'Umar bin Abi Salamah said:
“When I was a young boy, I was [eating] in the room of the Messenger of Allah ( s) and my hands were reaching (for food) all over the plate (to eat). The Messenger of Allah ( s) said to me: “O young boy, mention the name of Allah, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is in front of you.”(al-Bukhari)
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One should never complain or criticize the food however distasteful it may be. Abu Hurairah said:
“The Messenger of Allah (
s) never criticized any food. If he liked it he would eat it, if not he would
leave it.”
(al-Bukhari)
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One should avoid eating or drinking in excess. Allah says:
eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not those who waste by extravagance)
[7:31]
The Prophet ( s) said: “Man does not fill a container worse than the stomach. It is enough that a human takes a few morsels with which he can straighten his back, and if he must [eat more], then [let him keep] a third for his food, a third for his drink, and a third for his breath.” (at-Tirmidhi)
- One should not breathe or blow into vessels. Ibn ‘Abbas said that the Prophet ( s) forbade breathing into vessels or blowing into them.” (Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
- One should not soil food or beverage for others.
- One should eat with others and not individually. A man said to the Messenger of Allah ( s): “Indeed we eat but our hunger is not satiated.” He said: “Do you gather to eat or eat individually?” He said: “Individually.” He said: “Gather and eat together and mention the Name of Allah, and your [food] will be blessed.” (Abu Dawood & ibn Maajah)
- One must seek permission to take others to an invitation. A person from the Ansar named Abu Shu‘aib invited five people from which the Prophet ( s) was one of them. Another person came with them. The Prophet ( s) said: “This man has come with us: If you allow, he will come in; if not he will go back.” The host said: “No, rather, I give him my permission.” (al-Bukhari)
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One should begin their meal by mentioning the name of Allah by saying: ‘Bismillaah [i.e. I begin with the Name of Allah]
and conclude by praising and thanking Him by saying Al-hamdu lillaah: [i.e. All praise
and thanks are for Allah]. One should eat from the nearest side of the dish to him
and use his right hand, for the left hand is generally used for cleaning unpleasant
things. 'Umar bin Abi Salamah said:
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Manners of Relieving Oneself
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One should not face the Qiblah (direction of Mecca) nor give it his back while relieving himself. Abu Hurairah said:
“Indeed I am only like a father is to his son. You should not face the Qiblah nor give it your backs (when one of you goes
to relieve himself) nor should they wipe themselves with less than three rocks,
while not using a piece of dung or a bone”
(Abu Dawood & ibn Maajah)
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One should conceal himself when he answers the call of nature. Jaabir said:
“Whenever the Prophet wanted to relieve himself he would retreat to a place where no one could see him.”
(Abu Dawood)
- One should not use his right hand in order to clean filth. The Prophet ( s) said: “When one of you drinks, they should not breathe in the vessel, when he goes to relieve himself, he should not touch his private part with his right hand, and he should not wipe himself with his right hand.” (al-Bukhar)
When one enters the toilet, they should supplicate. Anas said that the Prophet ( s) upon relieving himself would say: “Bismillah Allahumma inni a‘oodhu bika min al-kubthi wal-khabaa`ith.” (“I begin with the Name of Allah, O Allah, indeed I seek refuge in you from the male and female Jinn.”)
(al-Bukhari)
A'ishah said: “When the Messenger of Allah ( s) would leave the place where he relieved himself, he would say:
‘Ghufraanak’ (‘I seek your forgiveness.’) (Abu Dawood, at-Tirmidhi & ibn Maajah)
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One should not face the Qiblah (direction of Mecca) nor give it his back while relieving himself. Abu Hurairah said:
“Indeed I am only like a father is to his son. You should not face the Qiblah nor give it your backs (when one of you goes
to relieve himself) nor should they wipe themselves with less than three rocks,
while not using a piece of dung or a bone”
(Abu Dawood & ibn Maajah)
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Manners of Seeking Permission
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One should not be persistent in seeking permission. The Prophet (
s) said:
“One should seek permission thrice. If you are granted permission [then enter] and if not, go back.”
(Muslim)
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The person seeking permission should make himself known. Jaabir said:
“I came to the Prophet (
s) in regards to a loan of my father. I knocked on the door and he said,
‘Who is there?‘ I said: ‘I am‘ He replied, ‘I am, I am!!‘ as if he did not like
[what I said].”
(al-Bukhari)
A person is outside a house and seeks permission to enter. Allah says: (O you who believe! Enter not houses other than your own, until you have sought permission and greeted those in them,)
[24:27]
A person is inside a house and seeks permission to enter a room. Allah says: (And when the children among you come to puberty, then let them (also) ask for permission, as those senior to them (in age).) [24:59]
This is intended to safeguard the households and protect the privacy of homes, as indicated in the Prophet’s ( s) words: “A man was looking into the room of the Prophet ( s) from a hole in the door, and the Prophet ( s) had a tooth of a comb with which he was scratching his head. He said to him, ‘If I had known you were looking, I would have poked your eye with it. Indeed seeking permission was legislated so that one would not see [the private affairs of one’s house] ’.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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One should not be persistent in seeking permission. The Prophet (
s) said:
“One should seek permission thrice. If you are granted permission [then enter] and if not, go back.”
(Muslim)
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Manners of Greeting
Islam has encouraged that members of society greet each other with Salaam due to love and friendship which it produces. The Prophet ( s) said: “You will never enter Paradise until you believe, and you will never believe fully until you love each other. Shall I not lead you to something that if you do it, you will love each other? Spread the greetings of ‘Salaam’ amongst yourselves.” (Muslim)
- It is obligatory that one replies if he is greeted with Salaam. Allah says: (When you are greeted with a greeting, greet in return with what is better than it, or (at least) return it equally.) [4:86]
- Islam has also clarified who must initiate the greeting. The Prophet ( s) said: “A rider should greet a pedestrian, a pedestrian should greet one who is seated, and a smaller group of people should greet a larger.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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Manners that relate to the Sitting Place
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One should greet those who are present in the gathering, upon entering as well as exiting. The Prophet (
s) said:
“If one of you comes to a gathering, let him greet them with Salaam. If it seems to him that he should sit, then let him
sit. When he stands [to leave] then let him greet them [again] with Salaam, for
indeed the first one is no more important than the other.”
(Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
- People should make room for others. Allah says:
(O you who believe! When you are told to make room in the assemblies, (spread out and) make room. Allah will give you (ample)
room (hereafter). And when you are told to rise up, rise up. Allah will exalt
in degree those of you who believe and those who have been granted knowledge.
And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.)
[58:11]
One should not ask others to stand for them to be seated in their place. The Prophet ( s) said: “A person should not cause another to stand from his place and then sit in it, but rather, you should spread out and make room.” (Muslim) -
If a person stands and leaves from his seat, he has more right over it if he returns. The Prophet (
s) said:
“If a person stands from his seat and returns to it, he has more right to it.”
(Muslim)
- One should not part two people sitting together except after seeking permission from both. The Prophet ( s) said: “It is not permissible for a person to separate two people (by sitting between them) unless they give permission.” (Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
- One should not talk to someone privately in the presence of a third person. The Prophet ( s) said: “If you are three, two people should not privately speak without the third until you mix with other people, for that will grieve him.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
- One should not sit in the middle of a circle or group of people. Hudhaifah reported that the Messenger of Allah ( s) said: “He who sits in the center of gatherings is cursed.” (Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidh)
- People in a gathering should not busy themselves with nonsense or talk void of the remembrance of Allah or useful discussions of worldly and religious affairs. The Messenger of Allah ( s) said: “No people rise from an assembly in which the name of Allah was not mentioned, except that they are like those who rise from around a donkey’s carcass, and the assembly will be a source of sorrow for them.” (Abu Dawood)
- A person should not do anything which his companions in the gathering dislike.
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One should greet those who are present in the gathering, upon entering as well as exiting. The Prophet (
s) said:
“If one of you comes to a gathering, let him greet them with Salaam. If it seems to him that he should sit, then let him
sit. When he stands [to leave] then let him greet them [again] with Salaam, for
indeed the first one is no more important than the other.”
(Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
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Manners of Gathering
Islam gives consideration to the general feeling of people who gather at any place; so people would desire to gather. Therefore, Islam instructs its followers to be clean; they should not come with a bad odor that bothers others, and they should come well-dressed so that people would not be harmed by his sight. Islam also instructs people to pay attention to the speaker without interrupting him and to sit where they find room without crossing people or causing them any inconvenience. The Prophet ( s) said about the gathering of the Friday Prayer (Jumu‘ah): “Whoever takes a bath on Friday, applies some scent on if any, wears the best of his clothes, then attends Friday prayer without crossing over people’s necks and performs whatever rak‘ahs he is able, and then keeps quiet when the Imam mounts the pulpit until he concludes prayer, his prayer will be an atonement for the whole week preceding that prayer.” (Abu Dawood & Ibn Maajah)
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If someone sneezes, he should say, “Alhamdulillaah.” (All praise is due to Allah)
Those who hear him should say, “Yarhamuk-Allahu (may Allah have mercy on you).” The
one who sneezes should again reply to them by saying, “Yahdeekumullaah wa yuslihu
baalakum (may Allah guide you and improve your heart, your living, and your affairs).”
The Prophet (
s) said:
(“When one of you sneezes, let him say, ‘Alhamdulillaah,’ and then let his brother or companion say to him, ‘Yarhamuk-Allahu,’
and then let him (the one who sneezed) say, ‘Yahdee kum-ullaah wa yuslihu baalakum.’”
(al-Bukhar)
From its manners is what Abu Hurairah related, that the Prophet ( s) said: “When one of you sneezes, let him place his hands on his face and lower his voice.” (al-Haakim)
When someone feels like yawning, they should try to stop it as much as possible. The Prophet ( s) said: “Indeed Allah loves sneezes but hates yawns. When one of you sneezes and then thanks and praises Allah, it is his right that every Muslim that hears him says “Yarhamuk-Allah”. As for yawning, it is from Satan, so let a person try to suppress it as much as possible. And if one of you sighs, “Aahh!” [while doing so], Shaytaan laughs.” (al-Bukhari) -
One should not belch in public. Ibn ‘Umar said:
“A man belched while in the company of the Messenger of Allah (
s) ,and so he said to him: ‘Save us from your belching, for the most satiated
in this life will be hungry for the longest time on the Day of Resurrection.’
”
(at-Tirmidhi & Ibn Maajah)
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If someone sneezes, he should say, “Alhamdulillaah.” (All praise is due to Allah)
Those who hear him should say, “Yarhamuk-Allahu (may Allah have mercy on you).” The
one who sneezes should again reply to them by saying, “Yahdeekumullaah wa yuslihu
baalakum (may Allah guide you and improve your heart, your living, and your affairs).”
The Prophet (
s) said:
(“When one of you sneezes, let him say, ‘Alhamdulillaah,’ and then let his brother or companion say to him, ‘Yarhamuk-Allahu,’
and then let him (the one who sneezed) say, ‘Yahdee kum-ullaah wa yuslihu baalakum.’”
(al-Bukhar)
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Manners of Joking
Life in Islam is not as some incorrectly believe; that it must not have any entertainment whatsoever. A companion of the Prophet ( s) named Handalah al-Usaidi said: “Abu Bakr met me and asked: ‘How are you O Handalah?’ He replied, ‘Handalah has become a hypocrite!’ He replied, ‘Far removed is Allah from every imperfection! What are you saying?’ Handalah said: ‘When we are with the Messenger of Allah ( s) ,he reminds us about the Hellfire and Paradise as if it is before our eyes, but when we leave the company of the Messenger of Allah ( s) ,we become involved with our wives, children and property and we forget much.’ Abu Bakr said: ‘By Allah, indeed the same happens to me.’ So Abu Bakr and I left until we entered upon the Messenger of Allah ( s) .I said, ‘Handalah has become a hypocrite O Messenger of Allah ( s) !’ The Messenger of Allah ( s) replied, ‘And how is that?’ I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah ( s) ,when we are with you, you remind us about the Hellfire and Paradise as if it is before our eyes, but when we leave your company, we become involved with our wives, children and property and forget much.’ To that, the Messenger of Allah ( s) commented: ‘By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, if you stay in that state you are when you are with me, the angels would [descend and] shake your hands in your beds and when you walk, but rather, O Handalah, there is a time for this and a time for that (and he said this three times).’ ” (Muslim)
Here the Prophet explained that permissible enjoyment and self-refreshment is something desirable so that man would regain his activity and liveliness. The Prophet ( s) taught his companions the manners of joking when they asked him: “O Messenger of Allah ( s) ,you joke with us?” He said: “Yes, but I do not speak except that which is correct and true.” (at-Tirmidhi)- One may joke with his actions as well as with his speech. Anas bin Malik reported that a Bedouin called Zaahir used to bring presents from the desert to the Prophet ( s) ,and the Prophet ( s) used to supply him with provisions upon leaving. The Prophet ( s) said: “Indeed Zaahir is our ‘desert’ and we are his ‘city’.” One day, the Prophet ( s) came to him (unsuspectingly) while he was selling his goods and grasped him from behind. Zaahir exclaimed: ‘Release me!’ Then he looked behind him and recognized the Prophet ( s) ,so he pressed his back against his chest. The Prophet ( s) called out: “Who will purchase this slave?” Zaahir said: “O Messenger of Allah, you will find me worthless!” The Prophet ( s) answered: “But to Allah, you are not worthless (or he said) Rather you are valuable in Allah’s estimation.” (Ibn Hibbaan)
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One should not joke in a way to harm or ill-treat another Muslim. The Prophet (
s) said:
“It is not permissible for a Muslim to scare another Muslim.”
(Abu Dawood)
He ( d) also said: “Let not anyone take his brother’s things (to anger him) seriously or jokingly.” (Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi) - A person should never lie while joking. The Prophet ( s) said: “Woe to the one who lies in his speech to make people laugh. Woe to him! Woe to him!” (Ahmad & Abu Dawood)
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Etiquettes of Visiting the Ill
Islam strongly encourages that one visits the ill…and has deemed it a right a Muslim owes to his brother. The Prophet ( s) said: “The right of a Muslim over another are five: returning greetings of Salaam, visiting the sick, following the burial ceremony, answering his invitation and saying yarhamukAllah to one who sneezes.” (al-Bukhari)
- As for the reward a Muslim receives for visiting his sick brother, the Prophet ( s) said: “Whoever visits a sick person, he would receive continuous reward until he returns.” (Muslim)
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One should show love and sympathy when he visits them. A'ishah b. Sa'd said that her father said:
'I was sick in Makkah, so the Prophet came to visit me, and he put his hand on my forehead and wiped over my chest and stomach,
and supplicated Allah saying: 'O Allah, heal Sa'd…'
(Abu Dawood)
- One should supplicate for the sick. The Prophet ( s) said: “Whoever visits the sick whose time was not written and says seven times: Asalullaah al-‘Adheem, Rubb al-‘Arsh il-‘Adheem an yashfiyak. (I beseech Allah, the Magnificent, the Rubb of the Magnificent Throne, that He cures you). And Allah will cure him of that sickness.” (Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
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Etiquettes of Condolence
Condolence has been prescribed to console the deceased’s family and lighten their pain and distress. The Messenger of Allah ( s) said: “No believer consoles his brother at a time of distress except that Allah will clothe him with ornaments of honor on the Day of Requital.” (ibn Maajah)
- One should supplicate for the family of the deceased and encourage them to have patience and think of the reward they will receive from Allah for doing so in this time of distress. Usaamah bin Zaid said: “We were with the Prophet ( s) when a message was sent by one of his daughters saying that she is calling him and that a child of hers was dying. He said to the messenger: ‘Go back to her and say that what Allah took back (the child) was His (to begin with) and His is what he gave, and everything with Allah is for a prescribed time. Order her to have patience and seek reward from Allah.’ The messenger came to the Prophet ( s) and said: ‘She has sworn an oath that you come to her.’ The Prophet ( s) stood along with Sa’d bin ‘Ubaadah and Mu‘aadh bin Jabal. I set off with them, and (when we arrived) he lifted up the young boy and his soul was leaving his body [known by his shaking] like (the sound made) when (pouring water or other things) into a empty gourd. His (the Prophet’s ( s) (eyes were wet, and Sa’d exclaimed: “What is this O Messenger of Allah ( s) “?He replied, “This is mercy which Allah instilled in the hearts of his slaves. Indeed the only people who Allah shows mercy to from his slaves are those who also show mercy.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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One should supplicate to Allah that He shows mercy to the deceased. Imam Ash-Shaafi‘i liked that one say to the family of
the deceased:
“May Allah give you a great reward, grant you patience, and forgive your deceased.”
(relative)
- It is desirable to prepare food for the family of the deceased. The Messenger of Allah ( s) said: “Prepare food for the family of Ja’far, for indeed a matter has come which has preoccupied them.” (Abu Dawood & at-Tirmidhi)
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The Etiquettes of Sleeping
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When one wishes to sleep, he should mention the Name of Allah and lie down on his
right side, making sure that there is nothing present which might harm him. The Prophet
(
s) said:
“When one of your retreats to his bed, let him take the side of his garment and dust off his bed with it and mention Allah’s
Name, for indeed he does not know what entered it after he left. If he wishes
to lie down, let him lie down on his right side and say: ‘Subhaanak-Allahumma
Rabbi bika wada’tu janbi, wa bika arfa‘uhu. In amsakta nafsi, faghfir lahaa.
Wa in arsaltahaa, fahfadh-haa bimaa tahfadhu bihi ‘ibaadak as-saaliheen.‘ (‘How
perfect You are O Allah. My Rubb I lie down and with Your name I rise, so if
You should take my soul then have mercy upon it, and if You should return my
soul then protect it in the manner You do so with Your righteous slaves‘.)”
(al-Bukhari & Muslim) - Upon rising, one should recite the supplications made by the Messenger of Allah ( s) .Hudhaifah said: “When the Prophet ( s) would go to his bed, he would say: ‘Bismika amootu wa ahyaa.’ (‘With your Name I die and I live.’) Upon rising, he would say: ‘Alhamdulillaah-illadhi ahyaanaa ba’da maa amaatanaa wa ilayh-in-nushoor.’ (‘ All praise and thanks be to the One who brought us to life after having caused us to die, and to Him will we be resurrected’ ) ”
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One should try to retire to bed early at night, except in cases of necessity.
The Prophet (s) hated to sleep before the Night (‘Ishaa´) Prayer and to speak after it.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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It is disliked to sleep on one’s stomach. Abu Hurairah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by a person lying on his stomach and kicked him hard. He said to him:
“Indeed Allah dislikes this way of lying.”
(at-Tirmidhi)
- One should be careful and take precautions from things which might bring harm. The Prophet ( s) said: “Indeed this fire is an enemy to you, so when you sleep, extinguish it.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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When one wishes to sleep, he should mention the Name of Allah and lie down on his
right side, making sure that there is nothing present which might harm him. The Prophet
(
s) said:
“When one of your retreats to his bed, let him take the side of his garment and dust off his bed with it and mention Allah’s
Name, for indeed he does not know what entered it after he left. If he wishes
to lie down, let him lie down on his right side and say: ‘Subhaanak-Allahumma
Rabbi bika wada’tu janbi, wa bika arfa‘uhu. In amsakta nafsi, faghfir lahaa.
Wa in arsaltahaa, fahfadh-haa bimaa tahfadhu bihi ‘ibaadak as-saaliheen.‘ (‘How
perfect You are O Allah. My Rubb I lie down and with Your name I rise, so if
You should take my soul then have mercy upon it, and if You should return my
soul then protect it in the manner You do so with Your righteous slaves‘.)”
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Manner of Approaching One’s Spouse
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Before having marital relations with your spouse, one should mention the Name of Allah in the manner the Prophet (
s) described. He said:
“If someone says (before sexual intercourse) when he approached his wife, ‘With the Name of Allah; O Allah, keep Satan away
from us, and keep Satan away from what you grant us [from offspring],’ then,
if Allah grants them a child, he (Satan) will not harm him.”
(al-Bukhari)
- One should sport with his spouse. The Prophet (
s) said to Jaabir:
“Did you get married O Jaabir?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “To a virgin or a previously married woman? Jaabir answered: 'To
a previously married woman.' He said: 'Why didn't you get married to a virgin,
so that you sport with her, and make her laugh and she makes you laugh.”
(al-Bukhari & Muslim)
A'ishah said: “The Messenger of Allah ( s) would kiss me while he was fasting.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim) -
They may enjoy each other in any way they like, with the condition the Prophet (
s) explained to ‘Umar when he came to him saying:
“O Messenger of Allah (
s) I am destroyed!”
He said: “And what has destroyed you?” He replied, “I changed [the position] of my mount (wife) in the night!” The Messenger of Allah ( s) did not answer him. He (‘Umar) said: “Then this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ( s): (Your wives are a tilth for you, so go in unto your tilth as how and when you wish.) (2:223)
Go to them front or behind, but avoid the anus and menstruation.” (at-Tirmidhi & ibn Maajah ) - One should not withdraw after ejaculation until she has fulfilled her desire. One should keep whatever takes place between them and their partner private. The Prophet ( s) said: “Indeed from the worst stations of people on the Day of Resurrection is one who has marital relations with his wife and then spreads her private matters.” (Muslim)
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Before having marital relations with your spouse, one should mention the Name of Allah in the manner the Prophet (
s) described. He said:
“If someone says (before sexual intercourse) when he approached his wife, ‘With the Name of Allah; O Allah, keep Satan away
from us, and keep Satan away from what you grant us [from offspring],’ then,
if Allah grants them a child, he (Satan) will not harm him.”
(al-Bukhari)
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Etiquettes of Traveling
- Before one sets out on a journey, he should make sure that he returns all trusts to their owners, settles any debts, and leaves his family sufficient provisions. He should also return anything he has taken unjustly to its rightful owner. The Prophet ( s) said: “Whoever has something which he took unjustly from his brother, let him free himself from it, for indeed there is no Dinar nor Dirham [that someone takes without right] except that it will be taken from his good deeds and given to his brother, and if he had no good deeds, bad deeds will be taken from his brother and thrown upon him.” (al-Bukhari)
- It is disliked that one travels alone, except in cases of necessity in which he cannot
find anyone to accompany him. The Prophet (
s) said to a person who arrived from a journey:
“Who accompanied you?” He replied, “No one accompanied me.” Upon that, the Messenger of Allah (
s) said: "A lone traveler is a devil, two are two devils, and three is a
traveling group.”
(al-Haakim)
One should choose good company and there should be one person as leader among them. The Prophet ( s) said: “If three people set out on a journey, one of them should be made a leader.” (Abu Dawood) -
Before returning from a journey, one should inform his spouse of his expected arrival. The Prophet (
s) would say this, and he would enter upon them at night. The Prophet (
s) said:
“If one of you is absent for a long while, let him not enter upon his spouse (upon his return) at night.”
(al-Bukhari & Muslim)
- One should bid his friends and family farewell. One should not delay returning to his family after he has finished his business. The Prophet ( s) said: “Travel is a portion of punishment such that a person would be prevented from eating, drinking, and sleeping. If one of you finishes his business, let him hurry to his family.” (alBukhari & Muslim)
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The Manners of Dealing with Public Property
There are certain manners which should be observed when one deals with public property. The Prophet ( s) stated the way one should act when traversing roads or walkways. He said: “‘Be careful and stay away from sitting on the paths.’ They said, ‘O Messenger of God, we have no other place to gather and talk.’ So he replied, ‘If you must do so, then give the path its right.’ They said, ‘And what is the right of the path?’ He ( d) replied, ‘Lowering one’s gaze (not looking at members of the opposite sex), not bringing harm to others, replying to salutations, and enjoining good and forbidding evil.’ ” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
In another narration he said: “…that you help those in need and guide the lost.” (Abu Dawood)
- One should take care of the roads and not vandalize public property. The Prophet ( s) said: “Fear the two things for which people curse others.” [His Companions] asked, “What are the two things for which people will curse others, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “That he relieves himself in places where people walk or seek shade.” (Muslim)
- One should not carry with him things which may be harmful to others. The Prophet ( s) said: “When one of you passes through our Masjid or marketplace and he has an arrow, let him hold its (metal) head (or he said: let him grasp it with his hand) so that no Muslims would be harmed by it.” (al-Bukhari & Muslim)
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Manners of Trade
- Islam has deemed the profits made from trade of the purest and best means of earning
a living. The Prophet (
s) was asked about which earning was best and most pure, and he replied:
“Work done by a person using his own hands [i.e. manual labor] and every truthful
and sincere trade.”
(Ahmad)
- Islam has enjoined that the individual be truthful while conducting business. The Prophet
(
s) said:
“A Muslim merchant who is truthful and trustworthy will be with the martyrs on the
Day of Requital.”
(al-Haakim)
- One should explain any faults which may not be apparent in the product. The Prophet (
s) said:
“It is impermissible for anyone to sell anything except if he clarifies any fault
that may be found in it, and anyone who knows of it should (also) clarify it.”
(Ahmad)
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One should not cheat. Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet (
s) passed by a pile of food. He put his hands inside it and felt water on his
fingers. He said:
“What is this, o seller of (this) food?” He said: 'It was left out in the rain, O Messenger of Allah!” He said, “Could you
not have put it on top of the food so that people could see it? Whoever deceives
(people) is not from us.”
(Muslim)
-
A person should be truthful in his dealings and not lie. The Prophet (
s) said:
“The two parties (involved in the trade) have an option (to cancel the trade) as long as they have not parted. If they have
both told the truth and clarified all aspects, their trade will be blessed for
them. But if they conceal (faults and other aspects) and lie, the blessings of
the trade will be wiped out.”
(al-Bukhari and Muslim)
-
One should be easygoing while buying and selling, for it is a means to form and strengthen relations between the buyer and
seller and does away with the causes of materialism which destroy human and brotherly
relationships. The Prophet (
s) said:
“May Allah have mercy on a person who is easygoing when he buys, sells, or asks the repayment of a loan.”
(al-Bukhari)
-
One should not swear oaths when he trades. The Prophet said:
“Be careful and stay away from swearing many oaths when trading, for [if he does so falsely] the buyer will buy, but then
its blessing will be wiped out.”
(Muslim)
-
It encourages that one take back the sale if a person is regretful of the purchase. The Prophet (
s) said:
“Whoever takes back the sale of his brother, Allah will take back [the punishment] of his slips on the Day of Resurrection.”
(Abu Dawood & ibn Maajah)
These are some of the manners and etiquettes which Islam has prescribed. There are many others, but due to brevity, we cannot mention them here. It is sufficient to know that there is no matter in life, except that there is a Qur'anic verse, or Prophetic tradition which addresses it. The reason for this is that a Muslim's entire life would become an act of worship, and a means to increase his good deeds.
In general, trade is lawful and permissible in Islam, for it is an exchange of products between the buyer and seller. But when harm may be incurred to either of the two parties, the trade is deemed unlawful and prohibited. Allah says: (O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly.) ( [4:29])
- Islam has deemed the profits made from trade of the purest and best means of earning
a living. The Prophet (
s) was asked about which earning was best and most pure, and he replied:
“Work done by a person using his own hands [i.e. manual labor] and every truthful
and sincere trade.”
(Ahmad)